Who qualifies as a principal to a crime?

The definition of a principal to a crime encompasses those individuals who either directly commit the offense or those who assist in its commission. This includes anyone who aids and abets the perpetrator, contributing in some way to the crime being carried out. In legal terms, this broad definition recognizes that crime often involves multiple actors, and accountability can extend beyond the individual who physically performs the illegal act.

The rationale for this inclusive definition is to ensure that all parties involved in a criminal act are held responsible, regardless of their specific role. Therefore, someone who provides support, resources, or encouragement, in addition to the person directly committing the crime, can be charged as a principal.

Other options presented in the question do not align with this legal definition. For instance, those who report a crime after it has occurred do not engage in the act itself and lack the requisite involvement to be considered principals. Likewise, individuals who are unaware of a criminal act lack the necessary knowledge or intention to be held liable as principals.